MOSE': A grid-enabled software platform to solve geoprocessing problems

Grid computing has emerged as an important new field in the distributed computing arena. It focus on intensive resource sharing, innovative applications, and in some cases, high-performance orientation. This paper describes how grids technologies can be used to develop an infrastructure for developing geoprocessing applications. We present the MOS`E system, a grid-enabled problem solving environment (PSE) able to support the activities that concern the modelling and simulation of spatio-temporal phenomena for analyzing and managing the identification and the mitigation of natural disasters like floods, wildfires, landslides, etc. MOSE' takes advantages of the standardized resource access and workflow support for loosely coupled software components provided by the web/grid services technologies

Incidence of violent and antisocial behavior in a forensic psychiatric population

Introduction: The consequences of violent and antisocial behaviors among psychiatric hospital inpatients are serious and may affect treatment of the aggressor. Lack of knowledge concerning the incidence of this phenomenon and its characteristics helps perpetuate the current scenario. Objectives: To present an up-to-date literature review on the topic, to estimate the incidence of violent and antisocial behaviors in a mental hospital population, and to describe the implementation of a systematic method to record this phenomenon. Method: A cohort was selected among the psychiatric inpatients at Maurício Cardoso Forensic Psychiatry Institute (Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Maurício Cardoso, IPFMC). Yudofsky's Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) and Tengström et al.'s Follow-Up Questionnaire were used. During a 1-year follow-up period, episodes of violent and antisocial behavior were evaluated daily and recorded on both the scale and the questionnaire. The population sample included 68 male patients randomly selected among the committed inpatients at IPFMC. Results: The incidence of violent/antisocial behavior along the period assessed was 200 episodes involving 50 patients. Aggressions and antisocial behavior occurred mainly in daytime. The interventions most commonly used were verbal management, patient isolation, and intramuscular medication. Conclusion: For the first time, the occurrence of violent and antisocial behavior was measured in a forensic psychiatric population.Introdução: As consequências de comportamentos violentos e antissociais de internos em hospitais psiquiátricos são graves e podem determinar prejuízo ao tratamento do agressor. A falta de conhecimento sobre a incidência desse fenômeno e suas características favorece sua perpetuação. Objetivos: Apresentar uma revisão bibliográfi ca atualizada do tema, informar a incidência de conduta violenta e antissocial em uma população manicomial e descrever a implementação de um método de registro sistematizado desse fenômeno. Método: A coorte foi selecionada dentro da população de pacientes do Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Maurício Cardoso (IPFMC). Foi utilizada a Escala de Agressividade Declarada de Yudofsky (Overt Aggression Scale, OAS) e o Questionário de Seguimento de Tengström et al. Durante o período de seguimento de 1 ano, foram avaliados diariamente episódios de conduta violenta e antissocial, registrando-se os mesmos na escala e no questionário. A amostra em estudo foi composta de 68 pacientes homens selecionados de forma aleatória entre a população em cumprimento de medida de segurança no IPFMC. Resultados: A incidência de comportamento violento/antissocial no período estudado foi de 200 episódios, envolvendo 50 pacientes. Houve predomínio de agressões e conduta antissocial durante o dia. As intervenções mais utilizadas foram manejo verbal, isolamento do paciente e aplicação de medicação intramuscular. Conclusão: Foi possível, pela primeira vez, medir a ocorrência de conduta violenta e antissocial em uma população psiquiátrica forense.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Incidence of violent and antisocial behavior in a forensic psychiatric population

Introduction: The consequences of violent and antisocial behaviors among psychiatric hospital inpatients are serious and may affect treatment of the aggressor. Lack of knowledge concerning the incidence of this phenomenon and its characteristics helps perpetuate the current scenario. Objectives: To present an up-to-date literature review on the topic, to estimate the incidence of violent and antisocial behaviors in a mental hospital population, and to describe the implementation of a systematic method to record this phenomenon. Method: A cohort was selected among the psychiatric inpatients at Maurício Cardoso Forensic Psychiatry Institute (Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Maurício Cardoso, IPFMC). Yudofsky's Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) and Tengström et al.'s Follow-Up Questionnaire were used. During a 1-year follow-up period, episodes of violent and antisocial behavior were evaluated daily and recorded on both the scale and the questionnaire. The population sample included 68 male patients randomly selected among the committed inpatients at IPFMC. Results: The incidence of violent/antisocial behavior along the period assessed was 200 episodes involving 50 patients. Aggressions and antisocial behavior occurred mainly in daytime. The interventions most commonly used were verbal management, patient isolation, and intramuscular medication. Conclusion: For the first time, the occurrence of violent and antisocial behavior was measured in a forensic psychiatric population.Introdução: As consequências de comportamentos violentos e antissociais de internos em hospitais psiquiátricos são graves e podem determinar prejuízo ao tratamento do agressor. A falta de conhecimento sobre a incidência desse fenômeno e suas características favorece sua perpetuação. Objetivos: Apresentar uma revisão bibliográfi ca atualizada do tema, informar a incidência de conduta violenta e antissocial em uma população manicomial e descrever a implementação de um método de registro sistematizado desse fenômeno. Método: A coorte foi selecionada dentro da população de pacientes do Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Maurício Cardoso (IPFMC). Foi utilizada a Escala de Agressividade Declarada de Yudofsky (Overt Aggression Scale, OAS) e o Questionário de Seguimento de Tengström et al. Durante o período de seguimento de 1 ano, foram avaliados diariamente episódios de conduta violenta e antissocial, registrando-se os mesmos na escala e no questionário. A amostra em estudo foi composta de 68 pacientes homens selecionados de forma aleatória entre a população em cumprimento de medida de segurança no IPFMC. Resultados: A incidência de comportamento violento/antissocial no período estudado foi de 200 episódios, envolvendo 50 pacientes. Houve predomínio de agressões e conduta antissocial durante o dia. As intervenções mais utilizadas foram manejo verbal, isolamento do paciente e aplicação de medicação intramuscular. Conclusão: Foi possível, pela primeira vez, medir a ocorrência de conduta violenta e antissocial em uma população psiquiátrica forense.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Apelin-13 limits infarct size and improves cardiac postischemic mechanical recovery only if given after ischemia

We studied whether apelin-13 is cardioprotective against ischemia/reperfusion injury if given as either a pre- or postconditioning mimetic and whether the improved postischemic mechanical recovery induced by apelin-13 depends only on the reduced infarct size or also on a recovery of function of the viable myocardium. We also studied whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in apelin-induced protection and whether the reported ischemia-induced overexpression of the apelin receptor (APJ) plays a role in cardioprotection. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts underwent 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Left ventricular pressure was recorded. Infarct size and lactate dehydrogenase release were determined to evaluate the severity of myocardial injury. Apelin-13 was infused at 0.5 \u3bcM concentration for 20 min either before ischemia or in early reperfusion, without and with NO synthase inhibition by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA). In additional experiments, before ischemia also 1 \u3bcM apelin-13 was tested. APJ protein level was measured before and after ischemia. Whereas before ischemia apelin-13 (0.5 and 1.0 \u3bcM) was ineffective, after ischemia it reduced infarct size from 54 \ub1 2% to 26 \ub1 4% of risk area (P < 0.001) and limited the postischemic myocardial contracture (P < 0.001). l-NNA alone increased postischemic myocardial contracture. This increase was attenuated by apelin-13, which, however, was unable to reduce infarct size. Ischemia increased APJ protein level after 15-min perfusion, i.e., after most of reperfusion injury has occurred. Apelin-13 protects the heart only if given after ischemia. In this protection NO plays an important role. Apelin-13 efficiency as postconditioning mimetic cannot be explained by the increased APJ level

Evaluación de riesgo de incidentes agresivos y antisociales en población psiquiátrico forense brasileña

La evaluación del riesgo y el adecuado dimensionamiento de las conductas agresivas y comportamientos antisociales en un hospital psiquiátrico forense es necesaria para evitar prejuicios y para planificar las acciones preventivas correspondientes. El sesgo que producen el comportamiento agresivo y el antisocial puede tener efectos perjudiciales a la hora de planificar la externación. Sin embargo, no existía hasta este estudio información científica sobre la incidencia de estas conductas en hospitales psiquiátrico forenses brasileños.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Evaluación de riesgo de incidentes agresivos y antisociales en población psiquiátrico forense brasileña

La evaluación del riesgo y el adecuado dimensionamiento de las conductas agresivas y comportamientos antisociales en un hospital psiquiátrico forense es necesaria para evitar prejuicios y para planificar las acciones preventivas correspondientes. El sesgo que producen el comportamiento agresivo y el antisocial puede tener efectos perjudiciales a la hora de planificar la externación. Sin embargo, no existía hasta este estudio información científica sobre la incidencia de estas conductas en hospitales psiquiátrico forenses brasileños.Facultad de Ciencias Médica